Цзифэн Керамика
Novel functional ceramic materials are dielectric materials that exhibit specific properties such as electrical, magnetic, optical, acoustic, thermal, mechanical, chemical, or biological functionality. Functional ceramics are diverse in type and widely used, including ferroelectric, piezoelectric, dielectric, pyroelectric, semiconductor, electro-optical, and magnetic ceramics with various unique properties.
Functional ceramics play a crucial role in modern high-tech industries such as electronics, integrated circuits, mobile communications, energy technology, and defense. They form an essential foundation for advanced electronic components, contributing significantly to the development of the information industry and strengthening national technological capabilities.
1. Insulating Ceramics
Insulating ceramics are used in electronic devices for mounting, fixing, supporting, protecting, insulating, isolating, and connecting various radio components and devices. These ceramics require high volume resistivity, low dielectric constant, low loss factor, high dielectric strength, chemical corrosion resistance, and good mechanical performance.
Applications: Circuit substrates, packaging, high-frequency insulators.
Common components: Insulators, spark plugs, resistor substrates, and integrated circuit wafers.
2. Semiconductor Ceramics
Semiconductor ceramics are polycrystalline ceramics formed using ceramic processing techniques. Unlike conventional polycrystalline semiconductors, semiconductor ceramics contain abundant grain boundaries, and the semiconducting properties develop during sintering.
Applications:
Sensitive materials including thermistors, varistors, photoconductive materials, gas-sensitive materials, and humidity sensors.
Semiconductor boundary ceramic capacitors.
3. Dielectric Ceramics
Dielectric ceramics, also known as electroceramics, polarize under an electric field and can sustain internal electric fields for long periods. They feature high insulation resistance, high breakdown voltage, low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, high mechanical strength, and chemical stability.
Applications: Capacitors, microwave circuit components.
Types: Ferroelectric dielectric ceramics, semiconducting dielectric ceramics, high-frequency dielectric ceramics, microwave dielectric ceramics.
4. Piezoelectric Ceramics
Piezoelectric ceramics are polycrystalline materials formed from oxide mixtures such as zirconia, lead oxide, and titanium oxide, sintered at high temperatures, and polarized under a high DC voltage to exhibit piezoelectric effects. They convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and vice versa.
Applications: Sensors, ultrasonic transducers, micro-positioning devices, gas igniters, alarms, audio devices, medical diagnostic equipment, and communication devices.
Common materials: PZT (lead zirconate titanate).
Advanced types: High-sensitivity piezoelectrics, high-stability piezoelectrics, electrostrictive ceramics, pyroelectric ceramics.
5.Magnetic Ceramics
Magnetic ceramics are primarily ferrites, composed of iron oxides and other transition or rare-earth metal oxides. They generally exhibit semiconducting behavior with high resistivity and low eddy current losses.
Applications: High-frequency and microwave technologies such as radar, communications, аэрокосмический, and computers.
6. High-Temperature Superconducting Ceramics
High-temperature superconducting ceramics exhibit superconductivity at relatively high temperatures compared to metals. Since the breakthroughs in superconducting ceramics in the 1980s, research and applications have rapidly advanced.
Applications: High-current devices, electronics, magnetic shielding, and emerging superconducting technologies.
7. Nano Functional Ceramics
Nano functional ceramics are applied in air purification, water treatment, and other fields for antibacterial, activation, adsorption, filtration, far-infrared emission, negative ion release, photocatalytic antibacterial action, deodorization, and mineralization.
Applications: Environmental purification, healthcare, and advanced filtration systems.
8. Transparent Functional Ceramics
Transparent functional ceramics combine optical transparency with general ferroelectric properties and superior electro-optical effects. By controlling composition, they can exhibit:
Electrically controlled birefringence
Electro-optical scattering
Surface distortion under electric field
Electrostriction and pyroelectric effects
Photovoltaic and photo-induced strain effects
Applications:
Electro-optical devices, micro-positioning actuators, optical switches, attenuators, isolators, storage media, displays, fiber-optic connectors, and optical sensors.
Future Trends of Functional Ceramics
With rapid advances in material science, functional ceramics continue to exhibit new properties and applications. They are now widely used in:
Energy development
Space technology
Electronics and sensors
Laser and photonics technology
Infrared and bio-technology
Environmental science
Functional ceramics are evolving towards high performance, high reliability, multifunctionality, miniaturization, and integration, driving innovation in modern technology industries.
